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A volcanic bomb is a mass of molten rock and formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during eruptions. They cool into solid fragments before
they reach the ground and because they cool after leaving the volcano, they do not have grains making them extrusive igneous rocks. Volcanic bombs can be
thrown many kilometres from an erupting vent, often acquiring aerodynamic shapes during their flight. Bombs are quite large: measuring from 2.5 inches to 6 feet.

Volcanic bombs are a significant volcanic hazard, and can cause severe injuries and death to people in an eruption zone. One such incident occurred in 1993 at the
Galeras volcano in Colombia; six people near the summit were killed and several seriously injured by lava bombs when the volcano erupted unexpectedly.

Volcanic bombs are known to occasionally explode from internal gas pressure as they cool, but contrary to some claims in popular culture (specifically, the 1997
film Volcano), explosions are rare; in most cases most of the damage they cause is from impact. Bomb explosions are most often observed in 'bread-crust' type
bombs.

Types of bombs
Bombs are named according to their shape, which is determined by the fluidity of the magma from which they are formed.

Ribbon or cylindrical bombs form from highly to moderately fluid magma, ejected as irregular strings and blobs. The strings break up into small segments which
fall to the ground intact and look like ribbons. Hence, the name- ribbon bombs. These bombs are circular or flattened in cross section, are fluted along their length,
and have tabular vesicles.

Spherical bombs also form from high to moderately fluid magma. In the case of spherical bombs, surface tension plays a major role in pulling the ejecta into
spheres.

Spindle, fusiform, or almond/rotational bombs are formed by the same processes as spherical bombs, though the major difference being the partial nature of the
spherical shape. Spinning during flight leaves these bombs looking elongated or almond shape, the spinning theory behind these bombs' development has also given
them the name 'fusiform bombs'. Spindle bombs are characterised by longitudinal fluting, one side slightly smoother and broader than the other. This smooth side
represents the underside of the bomb as it fell through the air.

Cow pie bombs are formed when highly fluid magma falls from moderate height (so the bomb does not solidify before impact) which are still liquid when they
strike the ground. They consequently flatten or splash and form irregular roundish disks which resemble cow-dung.

Bread-crust bombs are formed if the outside of a lava bomb solidifies during its flight, it may develop a cracked outer surface as the interior continues to expand.

Cored bombs are bombs that have rinds of lava enclosing a core of previously consolidated lava. The core consists of accessory fragments of an earlier eruption,
accidental fragments of country rock or in rare cases bits of lava formed earlier during the same eruption.

On video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a0FEXZm0-8
Andalusite

Called "Lapis Crucifer" in ancient texts, Andalusite was first discovered and named after the locality in the Ronda Massif, Málaga, Andalusia, Spain in 1789.  It
forms in columnar aggregates, and is a strongly pleochroic gem that shows different colors when viewed from different directions. Andalusite forms in colors of
brown, green and reddish brown containing black rutile within it.  It is this rutile inclusion which  produces the cruciform shapes. Faceted stones show the
iridescent play of red, green, and yellow colors, which is the pleochroic property.

Andalusite Sources:
Australia, Brazil, Canada, Russia, Spain (Andalusia), Sri Lanka and the United States.

Metaphysical Uses Of Andalusite
Andalusite is called "The Seeing Stone" as it is used in metaphysical work to calmly see the various parts of one's character without bias. It encourages you to look
at issues rationally by helping you see the various sides to a problem or situation without judgment or fear. It also helps you to realize the self-sacrifice is okay, but
never required.  
It allows one to work with the Divine Nature.
Encourages both psychic and spiritual development and aiding deep meditation.
Balances the male/female energies within.
It balances and harmonizes whatever is out of sync.
Heightens the awareness of one's true being.
Said to bring chivalry.
When used in connection with the Throat Chakra, it helps us to speak our truth.
Mental clarity and comprehension is gained which opens the doors to boundless information.
Supports one's will power to follow through on actions which best suit the mind or body systems.
Andalusite connects with the past, and can be used to work with not only the past, but past-life as well.
Said to enhance memory as well as personal recall.
Useful for scrying.

Physical Uses Of Andalusite
It uplifts, renews and energizes the physical body.
In cases of stress related illness Andalusite works on and heals the root causes of that illness.
Andalusite is said repair structural damage to both bones and connective tissue.
Aids in deficiencies of calcium and oxygen.
Rids water retention.
When placed on the body it sends heat where it is needed.

On video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_IfHKPgmSQ
Azurite
The Stone For Letting Go

Chemical Composition: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Astrological Sign: Sagittarius
Element: Water
Numerology:  7 & 9  Spiritual & Completion

Scientific Azurite:
Azurite, also known as Chessylite after the type locality at the Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France, is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of
copper ore deposits. Azurite is unstable in open air, and is destroyed by heat, losing carbon dioxide and water to form black, powdery copper(II) oxide. Azurite's
color is azure, a rich deep blue but specimens tend to lighten in color over time due to surface weathering thus turning into what is known as Malachite. Azurite
specimens are typically massive to nodular, and are often stalactitic in form.

For centuries, Azurite was used as a blue pigment. Depending on the degree of fineness to which it was ground, it gave a wide range of blues.  When mixed with oil
it turns slightly green. When mixed with egg yolk it turns green-grey.  Older examples of azurite pigment show a more greenish tint due to weathering into
malachite. As chemical analysis of paintings from the Middle Ages improves, azurite is being recognized as a major source of the blues used by medieval painters, a
common mineral in Europe at the time.  Magnificent paintings were rendered due to the azurite pigmentation.

Azurite Sources:
La Salle County Utah, USA; Tsumeb, Namibia (Africa); Bisbee, Australia; Chessy France; Greece; Russia; the Black Forrest in Germany; China; England; and
Mexico.

Azurite In Metaphysical Uses:
Azurite is a gemstone of "Letting Go". It allows us to let go of old patterns, thoughts, behaviors and attitudes.
Opens the Heart Chakra.
Will help you connect with your psychic abilities.
Increases prophetic dreams.
Activates brow and throat Chakras.
Aids in decision making.
Helps to calm emotions from traumatic stress disorder, or grief from the loss of a loved one.
Reduces depression.
Enhances meditation.
Aids students who are studying for exams.
Stimulates creativity.
Aids in contacting your Spirit Guides.
Helps communication skills for those who are shy or timid.
Helps reduce vanity and excessive feelings of self importance.
Brings forth inspiration.

Azurite In Physical Uses:
Assist in helping broken bones heal faster.
Azurite is a great stone for an expectant mother to wear as they help the fetus to be healthier and stronger.
Eases arthritis.
Promotes healthy liver.
Aids detoxification.
Stimulates brain and nerve activity.
Encourages growth by stimulating the activity of the thyroid gland.
As an elixir, Azurite sooths skin problems.

On video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVfGdIjGtvs
Selenite

Scientific Selenite:
A variety of gypsum, composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (having two molecules of water), Selenite is a very soft mineral (hardness: 2 on Mohs Scale). This is
the most important identifying characteristic of gypsum, as it can be easily scratched with a fingernail. Also, gypsum has natural insulating properties, which make
the stone feel warm to the touch.

Selenite is most often the transparent and colorless variety of gypsum. It is named from the Greek for "the moon". Some Selenite crystals show color, which is
caused by the presence of other minerals including druse (a coating of small crystal points) on the crust of the crystal.

Selenite crystals occur as tabular, reticular, and columnar crystals, often with no imperfections or inclusions, and appear water or glass-like. Thin Selenite crystals
sheets have been used as panes of glass.

Selenite Sources:
Gypsum occurs on every continent and is the most common of all the sulfate minerals.

Selenite in Metaphysical Uses:
Sleeping with a piece of Selenite under your pillow, brings knowledge of Akashic Records to you while in dream world.
Aids in contacting your Spirit Guides.
Those working with healing stones can use Selenite to enhance and amplify client healing processes.
Opens the Crown Chakra.
Relieves stress and tension.
Used in clearing and balancing emotional energies.
Rids anxiety and grief.
Releases negative energy from the physical body.
Calms and soothes severe emotional distress.
Brings forth deeper meditation.
Said to aid in telepathy.
Use to clear and reprogram quartz crystals.
Helps those searching for, connecting or communicating with their Totem Animals.

Selenite in Physical Uses:
It goes to the source of physical disorders, and provides insights into probable causes.
Said to stabilize epileptic disorders.
Promotes a healthy spine.
Improves the nervous system.
Brings forth athletic flexibility.
Used in flower and food gardens, Selenite sends healing energies in to the earth.

On video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KkYpZ69XMc
Chalcedony

Scientific Chalcedony:
Chalcedony, deriving it's name from a town in Greece known as Chalcedon,  is a catch all term that includes many well known varieties of cryptocrystalline quartz
gemstones composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite minerals.

Chalcedony has a waxy luster, and may be semitransparent or translucent. It forms in a wide range of colors, but those most commonly seen are blue, white to
gray, grayish-blue or a shade of brown ranging from pale to nearly black. Other shades have different names: The clear red or reddish brown variety is known as
carnelian, or sard which is colored with iron oxide; a green variety (colored by nickel oxide) is called chrysoprase; Prase is a dull green form, and onyx is black and
white banded;  a bright to emerald-green chalcedony that is sometimes found with small spots of jasper resembling blood drops is called Plasma, or referred to as
bloodstone or heliotrope. Different colors of Flint are also a variety of chalcedony.

Chalcedony is found in sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, and even more, better known varieties of this mineral are known as, thundereggs, agate,
chert, jasper, petrified wood, and petrified dinosaur bone. The list goes on and on.

Chalcedony Sources:
United States; Sri Lanka; Russia;  Mexico; and Brazil.

Chalcedony In Lore:
Because of its abundance, durability, and beauty, chalcedony was the earliest raw material used by humankind. The earliest recorded use of Chalcedony was for
spear points, knives, tools,  cups and bowls.
As early as the Bronze Age chalcedony was in use in the Mediterranean region as seals have been recovered dating to 1800 BC. People living along the Central
Asian trade routes used various forms of chalcedony to carve intaglios, ring bezels and beads that show strong Graeco-Roman influence.
In the 16th century, the stone was prescribed by practitioners of magic to dissolve illusions and fantasies.
In Renaissance times, it was engraved with the figure of a man with his right hand upraised.  This was worn as a necklace for success in legal matters and for
general health and safety.

Chalcedony in Metaphysical Uses:
  Blue Chalcedony:
Helps ease self-doubts.
Rids night terrors, and/or bad dreams.
Fosters the maternal instinct.  
A creative stone, Blue Chalcedony imparts mental flexibility and verbal dexterity.  
It improves memory.  
Brings forth feelings of lightheartedness and optimism.  
Improves self-perception.  
  White Chalcedony:
Gently moves one from a physical to Spiritual perspective.
A good luck stone.
  Brown Chalcedony:
Brings emotional balance.
Promotes generosity, kindness, charity and friendliness.
  Pink Chalcedony:
Brings out a sense of childlike wonder and willingness to learn new things.
  Red Chalcedony
Bestows strength and persistence in achieving goals.  
It advises when to fight and when to give in gracefully.
  Purple Chalcedony
Balances the energy of the body, mind and spirit.
Encourages brotherhood among all.
Wards off psychic attack and negative magic.
Symbolizes benevolence and good will.
Alleviates hostility, irritability and melancholy.
Enhances generosity, responsiveness and receptivity.

Chalcedony in Physical Uses:
  Blue Chalcedony:
Eases problems related to the eye.
Promote healing of open sores/wounds.
Said to strengthen bones.
Heals the lungs and clears the respiratory system of the effects of smoking.
Promotes healthy gall bladder and spleen.
Aids in good blood flow throughout veins and arteries.
Enhances the immune system.  
It is said that the Blue Chalcedony has an anti-inflammatory effect and lowers temperature and blood pressure.  
  White Chalcedony:
Improves mineral assimilation.
Soothes the skin when applied from an elixir base.
  Brown Chalcedony:
Stimulates vitality, stamina, and endurance.
  Pink Chalcedony:
Promotes healthy heart.
Soothes skin irritations.
  Red Chalcedony:
Stimulates slow acting thyroid.
Promotes healthy liver.
  Purple Chalcedony:
Eases arthritis and joint concerns.

On video:
http://www.blip.tv/file/3688238  or   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCJoXx7h_1o
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